Abstract

A prominent cause of morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is pulmonary problems. Non-infectious pulmonary problems are becoming a major contributor to transplant-related mortality due to advancements in infection-related complications. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) are the most common early and late consequences, respectively. They can be broadly categorised as either early or late problems. Results from earlier treatments, which mostly consisted of corticosteroids, were frequently poor, stressing the need for a deeper knowledge of the biology of the underlying diseases to direct the adoption of innovative medicines, which are now being used more frequently.