Abstract

Brain infections, encompassing conditions like encephalitis and meningitis, pose significant challenges to global health due to their potential for severe neurological sequelae and high mortality rates. These infections can arise from a variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, each presenting distinct clinical manifestations and treatment considerations. Clinical presentation typically includes symptoms such as severe headache, fever, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits, necessitating prompt diagnosis through imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and microbiological testing.

Treatment strategies involve empirical antimicrobial therapy tailored to the suspected pathogen, supportive care to manage complications such as increased intracranial pressure and seizures, and in some cases, surgical intervention for abscess drainage. Long-term outcomes vary widely but can include cognitive impairment, motor deficits, and psychiatric sequelae, underscoring the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation and long-term monitoring.