Abstract

The complement system is integral to the immune response, synergistically aiding antibodies in pathogen clearance and facilitating cellular destruction. Comprising classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, each system contributes uniquely to immune surveillance and defense. This review explores their coordinated roles, emphasizing how complement systems amplify immune efficacy through diverse molecular mechanisms and targeted pathogen recognition. Understanding these pathways enhances insights into immune modulation and therapeutic strategies for infectious and autoimmune diseases.