Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer treatment options include radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT), with ongoing debate about the comparative effectiveness and outcomes of these modalities.To compare the long-term outcomes, including survival rates, biochemical recurrence, and quality of life, of RP and RT in prostate cancer patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2023, extracting data on patient outcomes from randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The analysis included 25 studies
encompassing 12,345 patients. RP was associated with higher overall survival rates and lower biochemical recurrence compared to RT, though RT showed a better profile in terms of quality of life measures. While RP demonstrates superior survival benefits, RT offers a preferable quality of life for patients. The choice of treatment should be tailored to individual patient profiles and preferences.