Abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, largely due to the development of drug resistance that limits the effectiveness of existing therapies. This review explores the multifaceted mechanisms underlying drug resistance in breast cancer, including genetic mutations, the role of cancer stem cells, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. We discuss current strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, such as combination therapies, personalized medicine, and the development of novel agents targeting resistant cancer cells. Additionally, we highlight the importance of identifying biomarkers for predicting resistance and the potential of advanced technologies in uncovering new therapeutic pathways. Addressing drug resistance is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and achieving a successful cure for breast cancer, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and innovative approaches in this critical area of oncology.