Abstract

Neurodevelopmental impairments encompass a broad range of conditions that affect cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning from early childhood into adulthood. This article explores the cognitive and behavioral aspects of neurodevelopmental impairments, focusing on common disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability (ID). By examining the underlying mechanisms, developmental trajectories, and interventions, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these impairments manifest and impact individuals' lives.