Abstract

Coastal ecosystems worldwide are under increasing threat from coastal processes and erosion, exacerbated by human activities and climate change. This abstract explores the dynamics of coastal erosion, influenced by wave action, tides, sea level rise, and anthropogenic impacts. Coastal erosion poses significant risks to shoreline ecosystems, including habitat loss, saltwater intrusion, and economic impacts on coastal communities. Effective protection strategies, such as soft and hard engineering approaches, integrated coastal zone management, and policy interventions, are crucial for mitigating erosion effects and safeguarding shoreline biodiversity and ecosystem services. Case studies highlight successful conservation efforts and underscore the importance of holistic, adaptive approaches to ensure the resilience and sustainability of coastal ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.