Abstract

Biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and therapeutic peptides, have emerged as pivotal therapies in modern medicine due to their targeted efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional drugs. Understanding their clinical pharmacokinetics is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and ensuring patient safety. This review explores the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of novel biopharmaceuticals, highlighting factors influencing their pharmacokinetic profiles and clinical implications. Insights into biopharmaceutical pharmacokinetics inform dosing strategies, therapeutic monitoring, and the development of personalized medicine approaches