Abstract

Spontaneous pneumothorax poses significant clinical challenges due to its unpredictable nature and potential life-threatening complications. This review synthesizes current literature on the clinical outcomes and management strategies for spontaneous pneumothorax. The condition typically presents with sudden chest pain and dyspnea, often without an obvious precipitating cause. Clinical outcomes vary depending on the extent of lung collapse, ranging from mild symptoms to severe respiratory compromise requiring urgent intervention. Management approaches include observation, aspiration, and surgical intervention such as thoracoscopic procedures or pleurodesis, tailored to the patient's clinical presentation and recurrence risk. Recent studies emphasize the importance of risk stratification, particularly in identifying high-risk individuals who may benefit from early intervention to prevent recurrence and minimize morbidity. Advances in imaging modalities and treatment techniques continue to refine the management of spontaneous pneumothorax, aiming to optimize outcomes and reduce associated complications.