Abstract

Advanced vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) presents a significant challenge in clinical management due to its rarity and complex treatment considerations. This review discusses the current strategies in the clinical management of advanced VSCC, focusing on surgical options, radiation therapy, systemic therapies including chemotherapy and targeted agents, and the emerging role of immunotherapy. The efficacy and challenges of each treatment modality are examined, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach tailored to individual patient factors. The review also addresses the prognosis and ongoing research efforts aimed at improving outcomes for patients with advanced VSCC.