Abstract

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), colloquially known as “dementia pugilistica,” is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of tau protein in the brain, resulting from repetitive head trauma. Originally observed in boxers, CTE has since been identified in various athletes, military veterans, and individuals with a history of repeated brain injuries. Despite significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology and clinical presentation, diagnosing CTE remains challenging, often occurring post-mortem. This review examines the current understanding of CTE, including its epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and potential treatment strategies. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of CTE for athletes, veterans, and society at large, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures and longitudinal monitoring to mitigate its impact.