Abstract

Chronic kidney disease can be defined as decreased renal function for greater than 3 months. In terms of GFR, it can be defined as decreased glomerular filtration rate of < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. A GFR of < 60ml/min/1.73 m2 is referred as decreased GFR and a GFR of < 15ml/min/1.73m2 is referred as kidney failure. Albuminuria is the commonest marker of glomerular diseases such as diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Hypertension, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, PCKD, drugs,age is main risk factors predisposing chronic kidney disease. Among all these factors, diabetes is the most common risk factor leading to kidney disease. Patients with chronic kidney disease have lot of metabolic abnormalities such as water imbalance, electrolyte imbalance, uremia and hormonal imbalance. A number of assessments and tests are available for diagnosis of kidney disease such as measurement of GFR values, albuminuria, renal biopsy and radiological procedures. Due to rise in the prevalence and incidence of chronic kidney disease in last two decades, it has become a major worldwide health problem.