Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy, offering a highly targeted approach for treating hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This therapy involves genetically engineering a patient’s T-cells to express specific CARs, enabling them to recognize and eliminate tumor cells with remarkable precision. Despite its groundbreaking efficacy, challenges such as cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and resistance mechanisms remain critical hurdles. This article explores the principles, clinical advancements, therapeutic outcomes, and limitations of CAR T-cell therapy, providing insights into ongoing research aimed at enhancing its efficacy and expanding its application to diverse malignancies. Key future directions include improving CAR T-cell persistence, targeting tumor heterogeneity, and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.