Abstract

Cancer treatment faces significant challenges, particularly chemoresistance and immune evasion, which often coexist and complicate therapeutic outcomes. Chemoresistance refers to the ability of cancer cells to survive and proliferate despite the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, while immune evasion allows tumors to escape detection and destruction by the immune system. This article explores the mechanisms underlying these dual challenges, emphasizing their interconnectedness within the tumor microenvironment. We review current methodologies for studying chemoresistance and immune evasion, discuss their implications for cancer therapy, and highlight emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers. By understanding and addressing both chemoresistance and immune evasion, we can enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes in oncology.