Abstract

Epidemiological surveillance is a cornerstone of public health, enabling the detection, monitoring, and control of disease outbreaks. However, traditional surveillance systems face significant challenges in an increasingly interconnected and fast-paced world. This article examines the challenges in epidemiological surveillance and explores the transition towards real-time data collection and analysis. By addressing issues such as data accuracy, interoperability, resource limitations, and privacy concerns, we highlight the potential of real-time data to enhance disease tracking and response. The discussion emphasizes the importance of technological advancements, crosssector collaboration, and robust policy frameworks in overcoming these challenges and achieving effective real-time epidemiological surveillance.