Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, playing a vital role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) function. Produced primarily by the choroid plexus within the brain’s ventricles, CSF serves multiple critical functions, including providing mechanical protection to the brain, reducing its effective weight through buoyancy, and maintaining chemical homeostasis. CSF also facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the brain and blood, acting as a medium for nutrient transport and waste removal. Additionally, CSF contributes to the immune defense of the CNS by transporting immune cells and antibodies.Clinically, CSF analysis through lumbar puncture is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying various neurological disorders. Abnormalities in the composition of CSF, such as elevated white blood cell counts, altered protein or glucose levels, or the presence of blood, may indicate conditions such as infections (e.g., meningitis), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis), hemorrhages, or tumors. CSF analysis is also key in diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhages, hydrocephalus, and other pathological conditions.Treatment strategies for CSF-related disorders depend on the underlying cause, ranging from antimicrobial therapies for infections to surgical interventions like shunt placement in cases of hydrocephalus. As research on CSF continues to evolve, it is likely that future diagnostic and therapeutic techniques will further improve patient outcomes for various CNS disorders.