Abstract

Global interest persists in the utilization of biomass for the production of environmentally friendly and industrially useful materials. From Siam weed, cellulose nanocrystals were made in this area. Dewaxing the biomass sample, bleaching, alkali treatment, and acid hydrolysis were the production steps. The Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to characterize the cellulose nanocrystals that were produced. Siam weed contained 39.6% cellulose, 27.5% hemicellulose, 28.7% lignin, and 4.2% extractive, according to the results of its chemical composition. FTIR range affirmed the presence of cellulose and the shortfall of lignin and hemicellulose while XRD examination uncovered that the cellulose nanocrystals have a crystallinity record of 66.2% and molecule size of 2.2 nm. Due to the non-cellulosic component's lower temperature of degradation, TGA revealed that raw Siam weed has a lower thermal stability than its cellulose nanocrystals. The cellulosic chain had been degraded, as SEM revealed. The average size of the crystals, as determined by TEM, is less than 100 nm. DLS data revealed nanocellulose with a zeta potential of less than 9.57 mV and an average hydrodynamic size of 213 nm.