Abstract

Cellular regulation is a fundamental process that ensures cells maintain homeostasis, adapt to environmental changes, and perform essential functions. This review explores the key mechanisms underlying cellular regulation, including gene expression control, signal transduction pathways, and feedback control systems. We delve into how transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, along with signaling networks and feedback mechanisms, orchestrate cellular activities and responses. Disruptions in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into disease pathogenesis and paves the way for targeted therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cellular regulation mechanisms and their implications for health and disease, highlighting recent advances and future directions in the field.