Abstract

In modern times, improvement in knowledge and technology has greatly influenced the health of children. However, past decade was marked by limited progress in reducing infant mortality largely due to a failure in reduction of neonatal mortality. Due to immaturity of blood brain barrier, hypo-proteinemia and perinatal distress factors, bilirubin brain damage may occur at relatively lower serum bilirubin levels. Early phototherapy is advised to keep the serum bilirubin level within safe limits in order to obviate the need for exchange blood transfusion.  A preterm baby, who survives the initial stormy and unstable period of one week, is likely to do well if protected against infections and provided with nutrition. The handling should be reduced to bare minimum. Vigilance should be maintained on all in the nursery. High index of suspicion, early diagnosis and effective treatment of infections are essential for improved survival.