Abstract

Cancer prevention is a critical aspect of global health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of cancer, which remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention efforts focus on minimizing risk factors, early detection, and lifestyle interventions. Primary prevention involves reducing exposure to known carcinogens, such as tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption, and environmental pollutants. Additionally, adopting healthy behaviors, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding excessive sun exposure, has been shown to reduce cancer risk significantly.

Vaccination against cancer-causing infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), represents an important public health intervention. Secondary prevention emphasizes early detection through screening programs for cancers such as breast, cervical, and colorectal, allowing for earlier treatment and improved outcomes. Genetic testing and counseling are also critical for individuals with a family history of cancer, enabling tailored prevention strategies