Abstract

Despite the fact that the osteoinduction mechanism of calcium phosphate (CP) ceramics is yet unknown, a number of crucial characteristics, including chemical composition, pore size and porosity, have been described. In this work, mice's leg muscles and rabbits' dorsal muscles were implanted with calcium phosphate powder, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic powder (BCP, group 2), and entire BCP rods (group 3). For biological and histological investigation, samples were taken one month and three months following implantation. At the third month, mice showed new bone tissues in 9/10 samples in group 3, 3/10 samples in group 2, and 10/10 samples in group 1, but not in rabbits. Osteogenic differentiation was seen when human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultivated in vitro with traces of CaP and BCP powder. Our findings suggested that pore structure would promote increased bone formation and that chemical composition is a prerequisite for osteoinduction.