Abstract

Breastfeeding is known to have a profound impact on early-life health, influencing not only infant nutrition but also the development of the microbiome and immune system. This review explores the role of breast milk in shaping the early-life microbiome and its subsequent effects on immune system development and respiratory health in children. The transfer of beneficial microbes and immune factors from breast milk to the infant contributes to the establishment of a healthy microbiome, which plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses and protecting against respiratory illnesses. We discuss current research on how breastfeeding influences microbiome composition, the mechanisms by which the microbiome affects immune function, and the relationship between early-life microbiome development and the incidence of common respiratory diseases. Understanding these connections can provide insights into preventive strategies for respiratory illnesses and underscore the importance of breastfeeding for optimal early-life health