Abstract

Due to the high likelihood of recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BCa), lifelong surveillance is necessary. The use of urinary biomarkers as quick substitutes for cystoscopy in the identification of recurring bladder cancer shows promise. But no one marker can provide the necessary accuracy. The goal of this study was to choose a multiparameter panel for diagnosing BCa recurrence that included urinary biomarkers and clinical factors. Urine samples from BCa patients with recurrence and BCa patients without recurrence were analysed for potential biomarkers. A multiplexed microarray and an automated ELISA analysis platform were employed as part of a multiplatform strategy for marker quantification. The outcomes from both platforms were merged with the gathered clinical data using a multivariate statistical analysis. The optimal clinical and biomarker combination has an AUC value of 0.91, outperforming the separate factors in terms of performance. This panel includes three clinical parameters (VEGF-A, cadherin-1, IL-8, ErbB2, and IL-6), six biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, EN2, and VEGF-A), and (number of past recurrences, number of BCG therapies, and stage at time of diagnosis). The clinical management of this condition may be impacted by the multipara meter panel’s potential as a valuable noninvasive tool for BCa surveillance. It is necessary to validate the results in a different cohort.