Abstract

Birth complications are significant medical concerns that can arise during pregnancy, labor, or delivery, impacting both the mother and the newborn. These complications can range from mild to severe and may include issues such as preterm labor, placental abnormalities, umbilical cord problems, and maternal health conditions like preeclampsia or gestational diabetes. The causes of birth complications are multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Early detection and proper medical intervention are crucial for managing these complications and minimizing risks to both mother and child.