Abstract

Slurry phase bioremediation has recently been demonstrated to be a viable method for remediating clayey soils. It is an easy and affordable process. Additionally, some researchers are interested in the utilisation of the promising approach known as microbial cell immobilisation. Examining the cooperative adsorption and biodegradation of heavy crude oil by a single Bacillus licheniformis immobilised in a brand-new hybrid matrix in aqueous phase is the main goal of this study. The findings of isotherm investigations and adsorption kinetics of crude oil on PUF matrix showed a high connection between experimental data and Langmuir's isotherm and that PUF had the maximum monolayer coverage. Examining hybrid matrix in slurry phase bioremediation is the study's other goal. RSM, or response surface technique, was used to reduce. because of purpose, the impact of three factors, such as soil type and crude oil content Studies have been done on salinity and the water to soil ratio (WSR: 2-10). After 21 days, the study found that the TOC reduction in the soil that had been contaminated by crude oil ranged from 39% to 80%. To compare the performance of hybrid-immobilized cell with other systems, studies using polyurethane immobilised cell, alginate-immobilized cell, and freely suspended cell suspension systems were also carried out.