Abstract

The integration of biopolymer-assisted approaches in cancer theranostics represents a transformative advancement in the field of cancer management, merging diagnostic and therapeutic modalities into a unified system. Biopolymers, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility, have emerged as promising carriers for imaging agents and therapeutic agents, allowing for precise cancer detection and effective treatment in a single platform. This review explores recent developments in biopolymer-based nanocomposites and functionalized biopolymers used in cancer theranostics. We discuss various biopolymer materials, including chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid, and their applications in enhancing imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and fluorescence imaging. Additionally, we examine their roles in targeted drug delivery systems, where they facilitate selective therapy and reduce off-target effects. Key advancements in this field include the development of multifunctional biopolymer platforms that combine imaging and therapeutic functions, such as theranostics nanoparticles and smart polymers that respond to specific tumor microenvironments. These innovations have the potential to improve early cancer detection, monitor treatment responses, and personalize therapy based on real-time imaging feedback. The potential benefits of integrating biopolymer-based systems into routine cancer care could lead to more accurate diagnostics, better-targeted therapies, and ultimately improved patient outcomes.