Abstract

Biopharmaceuticals, often referred to as biologics, stand at the forefront of a revolutionary paradigm shift in modern medicine. Distinguished from their traditional pharmaceutical counterparts, biopharmaceuticals are crafted through the application of cuttingedge biotechnological methodologies, eschewing chemical synthesis in favour of deriving therapeutic agents from living cells or organisms. This departure from conventional drug development has given rise to a diverse and sophisticated array of medications, characterized by intricate molecular structures that include proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and even entire living cells.