Abstract

Biomass energy is increasingly recognized as a crucial component of the global transition to renewable energy. This article explores the various types of biomass, including agricultural residues, wood, energy crops, and organic waste, along with their respective conversion technologies such as direct combustion, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation. The environmental impacts of biomass energy, including its carbon neutrality, effects on land use and biodiversity, and air quality concerns, are discussed. Additionally, the economic implications, including job creation and energy security, are examined. Despite its potential, challenges such as competition with food production and the need for technological advancements remain. This paper concludes that with appropriate investments, policy support, and sustainable practices, biomass energy can significantly contribute to a sustainable energy future.