Abstract

Environmental pollution due to chromium (Cr) and its composites is because of a large number of artificial operations, including mining, chrome plating, colors, petroleum refining, leather tanning, wood conserving, cloth manufacturing, and pulp processing, and electroplating diligence. It exists both in hexavalent and trivalent forms. Still, Cr (VI) is veritably poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic both in humans and creatures, whereas Cr (III) is an essential micronutrient for numerous advanced organisms. Sukinda vale of Orissa contains 98 of India’s chromite ore deposits and one of the high open cast chromite ore mines of the world (Centre for Environmental Studies, Orissa Newsletter). Mining exertion in this region generates around7.6 million tonnes of solid waste in the form of rejected minerals, overburden material/waste gemstone, and subgrade ore. Due to the seepage of water from the ditched wastes, the near water sluice gets defiled with Cr (VI) at an attention much above the admissible limits.