Abstract

Biochemical and molecular tumor markers are critical tools in the field of neuro-oncology, offering insights into the biological characteristics, prognosis, and treatment response of brain tumors. This review explores the various types of biochemical and molecular markers used in neuro-oncology, including genetic mutations, protein biomarkers, metabolic markers, and liquid biopsies. The clinical applications of these markers in diagnosis, prognostication, treatment selection, and monitoring are discussed, highlighting their potential to enhance personalized medicine approaches. Challenges in biomarker integration and future directions for research and clinical implementation are also addressed, emphasizing the evolving role of biomarkers in improving patient outcomes in neuro-oncology.