Abstract

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an ingested substance that enters the systemic circulation and becomes available to the target tissues for therapeutic effect. It is a critical factor in pharmacology, nutrition, and drug development, influencing the efficacy of medications, supplements, and nutrients. This article explores the concept of bioavailability, its measurement, and the various factors that affect it, including physiological, chemical, and formulation-related variables. It also examines the significance of bioavailability in both clinical settings and nutritional science, highlighting its importance in ensuring optimal therapeutic outcomes and the efficient absorption of essential nutrients. The role of advanced drug delivery systems and novel formulations aimed at improving bioavailability is also discussed