Abstract

Bioavailability is a crucial determinant in the efficacy of pharmaceuticals, dictating the proportion of an administered drug that enters systemic circulation. Enhancing bioavailability is essential, particularly for drugs with low solubility and permeability. This article reviews various strategies to improve bioavailability, including formulation approaches, chemical modifications, permeability enhancers, and metabolic inhibitors. Techniques such as solid dispersions, lipidbased formulations, nanotechnology, and cyclodextrin complexes are discussed for their roles in enhancing solubility and absorption. Chemical modifications like prodrugs and salt formations, along with permeability enhancers and enzyme inhibitors, are also explored. By employing these strategies, the pharmaceutical industry can develop more effective therapeutics with improved patient outcomes