Abstract

In the face of increasing global demand for energy, chemicals, and materials, there is a growing imperative to shift towards sustainable and renewable sources. Bio refineries emerge as a pivotal concept in this transition, serving as integrated facilities that convert biomass into a spectrum of valuable products. This abstract provides an overview of the key aspects of bio refineries, focusing on their significance, processes, and potential environmental and economic benefits. Bio refineries represent a paradigm shift from traditional fossil-based refineries by harnessing the inherent versatility of biomass.