Abstract

Background: Beta-lactam antibiotics are commonly prescribed for neonatal bacterial infections, yet their long-term effects on immune development and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain unclear. Early exposure to antibiotics has been linked to alterations in the developing microbiome and immune response, potentially predisposing children to hypersensitivity reactions and other ADRs later in life.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between neonatal exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children up to five years of age.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted involving [insert number] neonates who were administered beta-lactam antibiotics during their first 28 days of life. Data were collected on antibiotic exposure, the development of ADRs, and potential confounders such as family history, comorbid conditions, and environmental factors. ADRs were categorized by severity, type (e.g., hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal, dermatological), and onset age.

Results: Preliminary findings suggest that early beta-lactam exposure is associated with an increased risk of ADRs by age five, particularly hypersensitivity reactions. The study identified [insert percentage] of children who developed ADRs, with the highest incidence occurring between [insert age range]. The impact of confounders, including maternal antibiotic use, breastfeeding duration, and early life infections, was also examined.

Conclusion: Neonatal exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics may contribute to an elevated risk of ADRs in early childhood. These findings highlight the importance of careful antibiotic stewardship in neonates and the need for further research into the long-term effects of early-life antibiotic exposure on immune development and drug hypersensitivity.