Abstract

Neuroinflammatory disorders, encompassing a diverse group of conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS), are increasingly recognized to involve a significant B-cell component. This review synthesizes current findings regarding the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of these disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and other autoimmune encephalitides. It explores the diverse functions of B cells in neuroinflammation, from autoantibody production to cytokine secretion and antigen presentation, and discusses the therapeutic implications of targeting B cells in these conditions.