Abstract

Bariatric surgery has emerged as a potent intervention for severe obesity and its related comorbidities, including hypertension. This literature review aims to explore the efficacy of bariatric surgery in controlling blood pressure, focusing on its impact on hypertensive patients. Several studies have documented significant reductions in blood pressure following various types of bariatric procedures, such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding. These reductions are often observed in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, suggesting a comprehensive effect on overall cardiovascular health. Mechanisms underlying the blood pressurelowering effects of bariatric surgery include weight loss-induced changes in adipose tissue metabolism, alterations in gut hormones affecting appetite and energy expenditure, and improvements in insulin sensitivity. Moreover, resolution of obstructive sleep apnea, a common comorbidity of obesity, contributes to blood pressure control post-surgery.

Furthermore, studies have shown that the magnitude of blood pressure reduction correlates with the degree of weight loss achieved following bariatric surgery. Patients with more substantial weight loss tend to experience greater improvements in blood pressure control, highlighting the importance of sustained lifestyle modifications postoperatively. While bariatric surgery offers promising outcomes in blood pressure management, it is crucial to consider potential risks and complications associated with the procedure, as well as the necessity for long-term follow-up care to ensure sustained benefits. In conclusion, bariatric surgery demonstrates efficacy in controlling blood pressure among hypertensive individuals with severe obesity. Future research should focus on elucidating the long-term cardiovascular outcomes and optimal patient selection criteria for bariatric interventions aimed at blood pressure control.