Abstract

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of bacterial toxins, unraveling their intricate mechanisms of action and elucidating the consequential impact on host organisms. Categorizing toxins into endotoxins and exotoxins, the study delves into diverse modes of action, ranging from membrane disruption to interference with cellular signaling. The review emphasizes the role of these toxins in facilitating host invasion, detailing the resulting localized and systemic consequences. With therapeutic implications in mind, the article concludes by highlighting the importance of understanding bacterial toxins for developing targeted strategies to combat infections and mitigate associated health risks.