Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the deposition of plaque on arterial walls, significantly contributes to various cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, emphasizing the role of lipid deposition, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in plaque formation. The implications of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular health are discussed, highlighting its association with conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease. Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerosis and its related complications are also reviewed, with a focus on emerging research and clinical advancements in the field.