Abstract

Marine mammals serve as critical indicators of ocean health and play vital roles in marine ecosystems, yet their conservation is increasingly challenged by human activities and environmental changes. This article explores recent advancements in techniques and technologies that significantly enhance the assessment of marine mammal health. Key innovations include non-invasive sampling methods, such as blowhole and fecal sampling, advanced imaging technologies like thermal imaging and portable ultrasound, and genomic tools including environmental DNA and whole-genome sequencing. Additionally, acoustic monitoring techniques and satellite tagging technologies provide comprehensive insights into the behavior, physiology, and environmental interactions of marine mammals. The integration of these cutting-edge methods offers a holistic approach to monitoring and conserving marine mammal populations, ultimately contributing to the sustainability of marine ecosystems. Continued technological advancement and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for addressing the ongoing and emerging challenges faced by marine mammals in a rapidly changing world.