Abstract

Aquatic ecology is a branch of ecology that deals with the relationships between organisms in water environments and their interactions with the physical, chemical, and biological factors of these environments. This field of study is essential for understanding the complex dynamics of freshwater and marine ecosystems, which are crucial for the planet's health and the well-being of all living organisms. Aquatic ecosystems include rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, and oceans, each hosting diverse forms of life and serving as vital resources for human societies