Abstract

Apoptosis is a highly regulated process of programmed cell death that is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, development, and immune function. It plays a crucial role in eliminating damaged, infected, or unwanted cells without triggering an inflammatory response. Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. This article explores the mechanisms of apoptosis, including intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, the role of key regulatory proteins, and the interplay between apoptosis and other cellular processes. Additionally, it discusses the implications of apoptosis dysregulation in disease pathogenesis and the potential for therapeutic interventions targeting apoptosis pathways.