Abstract

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Syndrome (ABC) presents a complex challenge in orthopedic pathology, characterized by expansile, blood-filled cystic lesions within bone. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology remains elusive, with theories implicating vascular anomalies, trauma, and genetic factors. Clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from indolent, self-limiting lesions to aggressive tumors with significant morbidity. Diagnostic evaluation relies on imaging studies and histopathological examination. Treatment modalities include observation, surgery, embolization, and adjuvant therapies, with management tailored to individual patient factors. Prognosis is variable, necessitating longterm follow-up to monitor for recurrence and complications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of ABC syndrome, emphasizing its clinical variability, diagnostic challenges, therapeutic options, and prognostic considerations