Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to various complications, including kidney dysfunction. One of the key indicators of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is urinary protein excretion, which serves as a vital biomarker for assessing renal health. This study aimed to analyze urinary protein excretion in diabetic patients, exploring its significance, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to understand the pathophysiological processes contributing to increased urinary protein excretion in diabetic patients. Various factors, such as hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and alterations in glomerular filtration, were investigated for their roles in promoting proteinuria.