Abstract

Biodegradation, the process by which microorganisms break down organic substances into simpler compounds, is a fundamental mechanism in the recycling of organic matter in various environments. While aerobic biodegradation, which occurs in the presence of oxygen, is well-known and extensively studied, anaerobic biodegradation plays an equally crucial role in ecosystems where oxygen is limited or absent. This article explores the fascinating world of anaerobic biodegradation, its mechanisms, significance, environmental applications, and challenges.