Abstract

There are three stages in the production of oil: secondary, primary, and tertiary. First, the extraction of hydrocarbons that naturally rise to the surface is the primary recovery step. The second phase begins with the injection of gas and water into the well to bring oil to the surface. The well still contains 60–80 percent oil after the second phase is completed. Accordingly, the execution of improved oil recuperation (EOR) during the last stage, which is the tertiary stage can contribute up to 30% of unique oil set up (OOIP) that can be removed. Consequently, EOR can be represented by a few methods, including chemical injection, thermal recovery, nanoparticle technology, and carbon dioxide injection.