Clinical Research on Foot & Ankle
Open Access

An Overview of Ankle Fractures: Causes, Classification, Treatment, and Complications

Ankle fractures are a common orthopedic injury encountered in clinical practice, often resulting from trauma or significant force applied to the ankle joint. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of ankle fractures, covering their causes, classification, treatment modalities, and potential complications. The etiology of ankle fractures encompasses a wide range of traumatic events, including sports injuries, falls, and motor vehicle accidents. Classification systems such as the Lauge-Hansen and Danis-Weber classifications aid in characterizing ankle fractures based on the mechanism of injury and the anatomical location of the fracture. Treatment strategies vary depending on the severity and stability of the fracture, with options ranging from conservative measures such as immobilization and rest to surgical interventions like open reduction and internal fixation. Despite advancements in treatment, ankle fractures can lead to various complications, including post-traumatic arthritis, malunion, nonunion, and ankle instability, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This review aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of ankle fractures, facilitating timely and effective interventions to optimize patient outcomes.

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