Abstract

Cancer is a heterogeneous and multistep disease process involving dysregulation of multiple pathways linked to cellular differentiation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Multiple genetic alterations causes’ unregulated proliferation of cells, influenced by genetic predisposition as well as by environmental influences, including tobacco, alcohol, chronic inflammation and viral infections. Most of the cancers arises de novo or is often preceded by potentially malignant disorders such as leukoplakia and OSMF. The potentially malignant disorders have shown to have a high risk of malignant transformation, on average about one percent of oral lesions transform into cancer annually [1].

Keywords: Marker; Oral disease; Podoplanin; Tumor