Abstract

Criminal law, a cornerstone of legal systems worldwide, plays a critical role in maintaining social order, justice, and the protection of individual rights. This research article offers an in-depth examination of criminal law, encompassing its historical evolution, contemporary challenges, and potential avenues for reform. As a discipline that has evolved over centuries, the historical backdrop of criminal law is rich and diverse, with influences from ancient legal codes and the development of common law principles. In the modern era, criminal law faces a host of challenges, including adapting to technological advancements, addressing concerns of over criminalization, mitigating racial disparities, and reevaluating mass incarceration policies. To chart a path forward, this article proposes several key reforms, including the utilization of legal technology, the promotion of restorative justice, sentencing reform, community policing, and enhancing legal education and awareness. By considering these reforms, criminal law can better address the complexities of contemporary society while upholding the principles of justice and individual rights.