Abstract

Amino acid metabolism plays a critical role in various physiological processes, including protein synthesis, energy production, and neurotransmitter regulation. Dysregulation of amino acid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review explores the intricate relationship between amino acid digestion and ASCVD, focusing on the role of specific amino acids, such as homocysteine and branched-chain amino acids, in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We discuss the underlying mechanisms linking amino acid metabolism to ASCVD pathophysiology, including oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we examine potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting amino acid metabolism for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD. Understanding the interplay between amino acid metabolism and ASCVD offers insights into novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for cardiovascular risk assessment and management.