Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, which it occurs degeneration of the neurons. The early symptom of AD is short-term memory loss and in chronic, it is characterized by language problems, insidious in onset problems, impairment of activities, mood swings, loss of motivation, hoarding, not managing self-care and behavioral issues. AD is neuropathologically characterized by amyloid beta plaques surrounded by neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The molecules of amyloid beta become toxic to the area, and they are flagged by the body to be cleared. Immune cells as Microglia, Astrocytes and neurons are liable for inflammatory reaction that activate and produce inflammatory mediators to clear cellular debris from the damage area. However, these clearing processes are triggered by the different immunological processes, which can provide through immunotherapeutic approach. The purpose of this review article is to brief cellular neuroimmunological aspects of AD, describes advances in the use of immunotherapy for treatment of AD and highlights ongoing efforts to develop novel therapies.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Immune cells; Immunotherapy; Inflammation